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The Rotterdam Study has been approved by the institutional review board (Medical Ethics Committee) of the Erasmus Medical Center and by the review board of The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports.
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The participants in the Rotterdam Study are followed for a variety of diseases that are frequent in the elderly: coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and other dementias, depression and anxiety disorders, macular degeneration and glaucoma, COPD, emphysema, liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, dermatological diseases and cancer. The age range for this new cohort is predominantly 40–55 years, the anticipated number of participants is 4000. In summer 2016 a fourth cohort was established. In spring 2016, the fourth examination cycle for the second cohort (RS-II-4) was finished. These examinations were repeated every 3–4 years in characteristics that could change over time. The emphasis was put on imaging (of heart, blood vessels, eyes, skeleton and later brain) and on collecting biospecimens that enabled further in-depth molecular and genetic analyses. These examinations focused on possible causes of invalidating diseases in the elderly in a clinically state-of-the-art manner, as far as the circumstances allowed. They were interviewed at home (2 h) and then had an extensive set of examinations (a total of 5 h) in a specially built research facility in the centre of the district. The participants were all examined in some detail at baseline. RS-IV-1 refers to the baseline visit of a new cohort, established in summer 2016 Also, examinations RS-I-6 and RS-II-4 are conducted as one project. Similarly, examinations RS-I-5, RS-II-3, and RS-III-2 share the same program items. Examination RS-I-4 and RS-II-2 were conducted as one project and feature an identical research program. RS-III-2 refers to the first re-examination of this third cohort. RS-III-1 refers to the baseline examination of all persons aged 45 years and over living in the study district that had not been examined already (i.e., mainly comprising those aged 45–60 years). RS-II-2, RS-II-3, and RS-II-4 refer to re-examinations of the extension cohort. RS-II-1 refers to the extension of the cohort with persons from the study district that had become 55 years since the start of the study or those of 55 years or over that migrated into the study district. RS-I-2, RS-I-3, RS-I-4, RS-I-5, and RS-I-6 refer to re-examinations of the original cohort members. RS-I-1 refers to the baseline examination of the original cohort (pilot phase 07/1989–12/1989 cohort recruitment 01/1990–09/1993). The recruitment of this extension is expected to be completed in 2019 and yield around 4000 new participants.ĭiagram of examination cycles of the Rotterdam Study (RS). Since summer of 2016, another extension has started that includes all participants aged 40 years and over.
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The overall response figure for all three cycles at baseline was 72.0% (14,926 of 20,744). By the end of 2008, the Rotterdam Study therefore comprised 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over. In 2006 a further extension of the cohort was initiated in which 3932 subjects were included, aged 45–54 years, out of 6057 invited, living in the Ommoord district. In 2000, 3011 participants (out of 4472 invitees) who had become 55 years of age or moved into the study district since the start of the study were added to the cohort.
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Figure 1 gives a diagram of the various cycles in the study. From January 1990 onwards participants were recruited for the Rotterdam Study. The study started with a pilot phase in the second half of 1989. They were all 55 years of age or over and the oldest participant at the start was 106 years. The design of the Rotterdam Study is that of a prospective cohort study among, initially, 7983 persons living in the well-defined Ommoord district in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands (78% of 10,215 invitees).